By 1958, these agricultural collectives had become the norm, and private ownership of land was abolished, with all households being forced into the state-operated communes. In the period between 19, a policy of collectivization, where farmers would work in collectives and share tools and draft animals, was gradually introduced and implemented. Traditionally, each farmer in China farmed his own piece of land. The policy, however, backfired, resulting in what was known as the Great Chinese Famine or the Great Leap Forward Famine, lasting from 1959 until 1961, and leading to the deaths of tens of millions of people in China. Mao hoped to achieve this goal by rapidly industrializing the country and by collectivization. Beginning in 1958, and going on to 1961, Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China in advocating and implementing a social and economic campaign known as the Great Leap Forward, with the intention of bringing rapid transformation of China from an agriculture-dependent economy into a socialist society. Mao used the Cultural Revolution to punish those he claimed caused the failure.The Great Leap Forward in China was meant to turn China into a modern socialist state in the mid-20th Century, although many argue the campaign almost ruined China. Workers were stressed, and the Soviet Union took away its support of China. However, the economy of China continued to fall after the end of the Great Leap Forward. Instead, they imported food for people to eat. The government tried to stop the famine by cancelling orders for technology. The famine is thought to have killed between 16.5 million and 40 million people. Infants and the very old were the first to die. Some villages had one-fourth or one-third of people dying in them. That meant that they could not look for food in other places. People were also not allowed to leave the areas they were living in. This problem was made worse because the output of farms was decreasing. This is because they sold their grain to other countries. In 1959, the country began running out of food. They would tell the government that they were making more than they actually were. Leaders would also lie about the amount of crops being grown. Leaders competed with each other to see who could make the most things. People ended up melting good things, turning them into unusable things. They would then try to make iron for tools. In order to meet production goals, many people built blast furnaces in their backyard. īecause the government spent a lot of money on industry, the country increased its debt. By 1958, 550 thousand people were killed because they did not agree with the government. If people did not like the fast pace of the schedule, they were usually killed. Mao wanted China to have a greater industrial output than Britain in fifteen years. The change in China was put on a schedule. After that the harvests were bad also because resources were not used well. This led to lower grain harvests in 1959. However, crops did not grow as well when they were close together. People believed that planting plants close together was good. However, this began to change the year after. In 1958, ninety-eight percent (98%) of people who worked on farms were in these cooperatives. Later, these cooperatives were put together to involve thousands of people. Many people had to work on farms for the government, that were also called agricultural cooperatives. Some people were forced to give their land to the government. He started the Great Leap Forward to do this. Mao wanted China to be able to make food for the country and make food to export he also wanted China to produce a lot of goods. Some people think it to be the biggest famine in history. The Great Leap Forward failed to bring industrialization and the famine that it created killed millions of people. It was started by the Communist leader Chairman Mao Zedong in 1958 and it ended in 1961. The Great Leap Forward ( Chinese: 大跃进 pinyin: Dàyuèjìn) was a plan that was created to increase China's economy and industry.
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